Continuous dimming of incandescent and halogen lamps.
Continuous incandescent and halogen lamp dimming involves controlling the voltage delivered to the lamp. As the voltage is reduced, the lamp current and resulting lamp power are reduced. This can be achieved by using an adjustable transformer to decrease the amplitude of the 60-cycle waveform or by turning off the applied voltage with solid-state controls for a part of the cycle.
In either case a portion of the AC waveform received by the incandescent filament is chopped away. The longer the triac conducts electric power through each half of the voltage waveform, the brighter the light output (Fig. 1 below).

From: http://www.ecmweb.com/mag/electric_underst...g_lamp_dimming/
